Bowman Library

 

Corporate Social Responsibility and Social Enterprise Research Guide

 

What is Corporate Social Responsibility?

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is a part of business process – but not its controlling force. Market, and creating wealth or measurable value, are the ultimate determinants. Business practice, however, can and should not only avoid having negative impact on society and environment, but create positive benefits as well. Such considerations and obligations define corporate social responsibility.

What is Social Entrepreneurship?

A goal of a social enterprise, or a social sector organization, goes beyond creating economic gain for the owners and consumption benefits for the customers; its fundamental mission is social improvement, concern with the promotion of good for the human society or the environment. Making a profit or meeting customers’ wishes can be a part of this goal – but always as means to an end and not the end in itself.

 
 

Getting Started

Before beginning your research, spend some time thinking about the topic at hand and how to develop a search strategy. Consider the following:

  • Is your topic about corporate social responsibility, social enterprise, or both? Are you interested in "for profit" or "not for profit" organizations?
  • Are you looking at current practices or do you need an historical perspective?
  • Are you interested in global practices or only in those initiated or applied in the United States?
  • Will you require access to annual reports, statements of corporate responsibility, or IRS Form 990?
 
 

Finding General or Background Information on Corporate Social Responsibility and Social Enterprise

To get acquainted with the concepts, use general sources of business ethics information. Consider starting with these titles:

Background information can also be found in publications by educational institutions and organizations focusing on corporate social responsibility and social enterprise (see "Selected Free Web Sites" further in this guide). Here are two examples of relevant papers:

 
 

Finding Information about Corporate Social Responsibility and Social Enterprise in Books

Searching ROSIE Using Keywords

Search by keyword using terms related to your topic of interest, for example, “social and business and responsibility.” Similarly, search for “social entrepreneur*” as well as “social enterprise*”. Consider expanding your search with words like “philanthropy” or “nonprofit organization*". The asterisk (*) allows you to search for words with different endings. Remember that you are searching book titles, subjects assigned to books, and (in some cases only) tables of contents – and not the contents of books. Leave the very specific, detailed search for periodical databases; in ROSIE, search for a single term or combination of two.

Searching ROSIE by Subject

Searching by Library of Congress Subject Headings allows you to do a more focused search for your topic; remember to explore the “related subjects” links. Some subject headings that may be useful include:

Browsing Call Numbers

Because books are arranged on the Library’s shelves by subject, browsing the library stacks in the call number areas suggested below can also be useful. You can get additional ideas from a book's table of contents or index. You can browse book records online through ROSIE, but remember that only records of recently published books list tables of contents and none lists an index.

HF 5387
HD 30.28

 
 

Finding Articles Using Research Databases

Bowman Library subscribes to many Web-based databases where you will find newspaper, magazine and scholarly journal articles. Ones that are particularly useful for researching social responsibility in business are listed below. See Searching Electronic Resources Effectively for guidelines on making the most of your search.

ProQuest
Search ProQuest for corporate social responsibility and social enterprise articles published in scholarly, trade and general interest periodicals. Explore the drop-down menus and “More Search Options” to broaden or narrow your search. Note, in particular, the limit to “Full text documents only.” On the results page, limit your search to scholarly (or trade) journals and magazines.

Wilson Select Plus
Search Wilson for articles published in academic and professional publications. The best strategy is to use search capabilities from the Advanced Search: use the top menu tab to get there and then explore the drop-down menus. Limit your search to full text.

Congressional Quarterly Researcher (CQ Researcher)
You will find here reports about issues widely discussed in the media. While these topics are not discussed strictly from a business ethics or social entrepreneurship perspective, the reports can provide broad context for your research. Rather then searching by keywords, use the “Browse by Topics” menu, and follow “Culture, Sports, and Recreation” subject heading to “Philanthropy, Public Service, and Voluntarism."

The Conference Board
The Conference Board (TCB) is a non-partisan, non-profit business network that attempts “to bring leaders together to find solutions to common problems and objectively examine major issues having an impact on business and society.” TCB has reports, studies and surveys on corporate governance and ethics. Select these topics (browse) from the drop down “topic” menu, or simply search for these terms.

Business and Company Resource Center
Start by choosing the “Articles” icon and then searching for “corporate social responsibility” in “Subject Guide” (rather than searching by keywords).

 
 

Selected Free Web Sites

The following Web sites have been selected by Bowman Librarians as examples of sites appropriate for college research. Keep in mind, however, that free Web resources are rarely filtered, often making it difficult to determine the content's accuracy. Use our guide Evaluating Web Resources to help you review the authority, currency, and objectivity or bias of every site you use.

Center for Ethical Business Cultures
http://www.cebcglobal.org/KnowledgeCenter/Standards.htm
Center for Ethical Business Cultures, affiliated with the University of St. Thomas, lists annotated links to several corporate social responsibility standards.

Foundation Center
http://foundationcenter.org/
Founded in 1956, the Center is the nation's leading authority on philanthropy and is dedicated to serving grant seekers, grant makers, researchers, policymakers, the media and the general public. This site contains reports and statistical information, as well as a directory of foundations (featuring IRS Form 990 and a guide to understanding it).

GuideStar
http://www.guidestar.org/
GuideStar is a project of Philanthropic Research, Inc. (PRI), a nonprofit organization.
Its database contains records on more than 700,000 nonprofit organizations; data is collected directly from the charities, and from the IRS Business Master File and Forms 990. Online, line-by-line IRS Form 990 tutorial is also available.

CSRwire (Corporate Social Responsibility Wire) Directory
http://www.csrwire.com/resources/directory
This site has a searchable directory of more than 1,700 organizations working on all aspects of corporate social responsibility in more than 90 countries.

CorporateRegister.com
http://corporateregister.com/
CorporateRegister.com is a comprehensive directory of corporate non-financial reports, on topics such as the environment, social impact, sustainability or corporate social responsibility (CSR). Established as a free service by Next Step Consulting in 1998, the site aims to provide access to all current reports, as well as developing an archive of all reports published since 1990. Free registration required.

Business for Social Responsibility (BSR)
http://www.bsr.org
BSR is a global, non-profit organization providing information, tools, training and advisory services about corporate social responsibility. Follow the “BSR Resources” link to browse “Issue Briefs” (critical summaries) and in-depth reports on corporate social responsibility issues.

Social Returns
http://www.socialreturns.org/
Much of the material contained on the Social Returns Web site was developed for the Yale School of Management - The Goldman Sachs Foundation Partnership on Nonprofit Ventures. Social Returns gives its members (free registration) access to the latest research on nonprofit enterprises, how-to guides, publications and articles, case studies, profiles of business ventures, and more.

Center for Advancement of Social Entrepreneurship at Duke University School of Business
http://www.fuqua.duke.edu/centers/case/leaders/
Follow the “publications” and “resources” links in the “Overview” text to access case studies and working papers, as well as an extensive, annotated list of publications, organizations and initiatives concerned with social entrepreneurship.

Stanford Social Innovation Review
http://www.ssireview.org/
Stanford Social Innovation Review publishes "strategies, tools and ideas for non-profits, foundations and socially responsible business.” Note that full text of articles is available through ProQuest.

UN Principles for Responsible Investment
http://www.unpri.org/
The Principles for Responsible Investment provide a framework incorporating environmental, social and corporate governance issues into management of investment portfolios. The Principles were created by UN-invited representatives of 20 institutional investors from 12 countries.

RISE (Research Initiative on Social Entrepreneurship) Double Bottom Line Investors Directory
http://www.riseproject.org
RISE is a project at Columbia Business School. RISE studies the growing practice of building profit and nonprofit ventures that aim to achieve social and financial impact through their products, services and other business practices, and the entities that fund them. The site features RISE Double Bottom Line Investor Directory. You might also be interested in research reports and tools, such as the RISE Social Venture Rubric, a diagnostic tool developed to aid evaluation of social ventures.

Show Me the Money
http://www.unepfi.org/fileadmin/documents/show_me_the_money.pdf
The Show Me the Money summary report synthesizes more than 1,000 pages of research from the mainstream financial analyst community. It has been prepared by the asset management working group of UNEP-FI (United Nations Environment Programme Finance Initiative) which explores the association between environmental, social and corporate governance considerations, and investment decision making.

 
 

Citing Your Sources

Be sure to check with your professor on which citation style is required. Bowman Library provides the following resources to assist with citation format:

For online resources, see How to Cite Your Research for links to MLA, APA and Chicago citation styles.

MLA Handbook for Writers of Research Papers - LB2369 .G53 2003 (Located in Library Permanent Reserves).

Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association - BF76.7 .P83 2001 (Located in Library Permanent Reserves).

The Chicago Manual of Style - Z253 .U69 2003 (Located in Library Permanent Reserves).

 
 

Have Questions?

  • Explore WOODIE for help with Research.
  • The following guides include related information that may assist your research:
    • Business Ethics Guide
    • Company Research Guide
  • Ask a Librarian. We are here to help!
 

 

 

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This Page Maintained by Kalina Tabatt, Information Services Librarian
Last Updated: 4/16/07